Apa itu Rujukan, Abstrak, Persuasi, EYD, Topik, Narasi, Preposisi, Induktif, Deduktif, Kutipan, Alinea, Kata, Frase, Argumentasi, Refrensi, dan Paragraf

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TUGAS BAHASA INDONESIA

Oleh Etsa buyung sriputra

1. Rujukan : adalah keterangan lanjutan mengenai suatu hal atau bahan sumber yang dipakai untuk mendapatkan keterangan lebih lanjut.

Fungsinya: Fungsi informasi yaitu memberikan jawaban atas kebutuhan pemakai akan informasi. Agar jawaban dapat diberikan secara tepat, seorang petugas layanan rujukan harus mengetahui latar belakang dan tujuan pemakai.

Contohnya :Rujukan dari buku : Strunk, W.Jr. & White, E.B. 1979. The Element of Style (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.

2. Abstrak : dalam KBBI artinya adalah tidak berwujud,tidak berbentuk / ikhtisar (karangan, laporan, dsb) ringkasan inti

Fungsinya :untuk memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat perihal hasil penelitian yang telah.

Contohnya : mendeskripsikan isi dan cakupan dari tulisan

3. Persuasi : menurut KBBI artinya adalah : ajakan kepada seseorang dengan cara memberikan alasan dan prospek baik yang menyakinkan, bujukan halus

Fungsinya : mempengaruhi atau menyakinkan seseorang agar mengikuti sesuatu yang menjadi tujuanya

Contohnya : mengajak seseorang agar melakukan suatu kebaikkan

4. EYD : Ejaan yang disempurnakan adalah ejaan bahasa Indonesia yang berlaku sejak tahun 1972. Ejaan ini menggantikan ejaan republic atau ejaan soewandi

Fungsinya : adalah sebagai alat pemersatu dan menjadi tolak ukur bagi benar-tidaknya pemakaian bahasa seseorang atau sekelompok orang.

Contohnya :

· penulisan huruf : huruf kapital’huruf kecil, dan huruf miring

· penulisan kata : kata dasar, gabungan kata, kata ulang, kata ganti,

· penulisan unsur

· penulisan tanda baca : tanda titik, koma, Tanya, seru, dan tanda titik dua

5. Topik : kata topic berasal dari bahasa yunani “topoi” yang artinya tempat untuk tulis-menulis, menurut KBBI artinya adalah pokok pembicaraan dalam diskusi, ceramah, karangan, dsb. /bahan diskusi

Fungsinya :topik merupakan ide sentral yang berfungsi mengikat keseluruhan uraian, deskripsi, penjelasan, dan seluruh pembuktian.

Contohnya :

· Menurut tempat. Contohnya :”curah hujan di pulau jawa” lebih spesifik dari pada “curah hujan di Indonesia”

· Menurut waktu/periode/zaman. Contohnya “perkembangan islam” bias di batasi menjadi “perkembangan islam di masa Nabi Muhammad SAW”

6. Narasi : menurut KBBI artinya adalah pengisahan suatu cerita atau kejadian, salah satu jenis pengembangan paragraph dalam sebuah tulisan

Fungsinya :

· Pemberi informasi berupa pengalaman yang disajikan secara estesis kepada pembaca

· Pemberian info dengan adanya kronologi suatu peristiwa yang dilengkapi dengan unsur-unsur narasi

· Menyampaikan pengalaman untuk hiburan semata

Contohnya : setelah selesai belajar, ilham rebahan di tempat tidurnya. Ia mengambil sebuah buku berwarna hitam di bawah bantalnya. Sebuah bolpoint sudah terselip dalam buku itu, ilham membuka halaman demi halaman dari buku itu, di halaman yang masih kosong, ia menulis sesuatu. Ia mulai mengungkapkan perasaanya seharian ini

7. Preposisi : menurut KBBI artinya adalah kata yang biasa terdapat di depan nomina, missal, dari, dengan, di, dan ke

Fungsinya :menjelaskan kepada seseorang agar dapat mengerti apa yang di maksudkan

Contohnya :

· Kata depan terhadap : saya tidak takut terhadap siapa saja

· Kata depan oleh : jembatan itu dibangun oleh pemerintahan pusat

8. Induktif : menurut KBBI artinya adalah bersifat secara induksi, teks yang di kembangkan dari sesuatu yang bersifat khusus menjadi suatu kesimpulan yang bersifat umum

Fungsinya : menyimpulkan atau menjabarkan kalimat dari khusus ke kalimat umum

Contohnya : masjid Alhambia di spanyol termashur ke penjuru dunia karena keindahan arsitekturnya.

9. Deduktif : menurut KBBI artinya adalah bersifat deduksi/ contoh suatu paragraph yang dibentuk dari suatu masalah yang bersifat umum, setelah itu ditarik kesimpulan menjadi suatu masalah yang bersifat khusus atau spesifik

Fungsinya : menyimpulkan kalimat dari kalimat umum menjadi kalimat khusus

Contohnya : beberapa tips belajar menjelang ujian akhir nasional, jangan pernah belajar dadakan, belajarlah mulai dari sekarang. Belajar akan efektif kalau belajar kumpulan soal. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara menjawab soal-soal di buku kumpulan soal. Mencocokanyya, lalu menilainya. Barulah materi yang tidak dikuasai dicari di buku

Kalimat utama dari paragraph adalah kalimat yang di garis bawahi, dan kalimat itu berada depan paragraph sesuai dengan ciri-ciri dari paragraph deduktif

10. Kutipan : menurut KBBI artinya adalah pungutan, petikan, nukilan, sitat

Fungsinya : menguatkan atau mendukung data

Contohnya : kutipan yang berada di dalam karya ilmiah atau makalah “masuklah ke gontor secara keseluruhan !”

11. Alinea : menurut KBBI artinya adalah bagian wacana yang mengungkapkan satu pikiran yang lengkap atau satu tema yang dalam ragam tulis di tandai oleh baris pertama yang menjorok ke dalam atau jarak spasi yang lebih paragraph

Fungsinya :

· Mengekspresikan gagasan tertulis dengan memberi bentuk suatu pikiran dan perasaan ke dalam serangkaian kalimat yang tersusun secara logis, dalam suatu kesatuan

· Menandai peralihan gagasan baru bagi karangan yang terdiri beberapa paragraph, ganti paragraph berarti ganti pikiran

Contohnya : bawalah payung sebelum hujan. Karen akhir-akhir ini sering terjadi perubahan cuaca. Terkadang pada siang hari terasa panas namun pada sore harinya turun hujan.

12. Kata : menurut KBBI artinya adalah unsur bahsa yang diucapkan atau dituliskan yang merupakan perwujudan kesatuan perasaan dan pikiran yang dapat digunakkan dalam bahasa

Fungsinya :

· Fungsi subyek : ibu membeli sayur di pasar tadi pagi

· Fungsi predikat : ibu membeli sayur di pasar tadi pagi

· Funsi pelengkap : ibu membeli sayur di pasar tadi pagi

Contohnya : ibu membeli sayur di pasar tadi pagi (SPOK)

13. Frase : menurut KBBI artinya adalah frosa. Atau sebuah makna linguistik

Fungsinya : menarik perhatian si pembaca. Agar menjadi semangat dalam membacanya

Contohnya : mahasiswa hubungan internasional unida sedang bergotong royong di dalam kelas

14. Argumentasi : menurut KBBI artinya adalah alasan untuk memperkuat atau menolak suatu pendapat, pendirian, atau gagasan,

Fungsinya :

· Untuk mengetahui tujuan makalah atau karya ilmiah yang pertama beserta pembahasanya

Contohnya : menjelaskan bagaimana bumi tercipta oleh Allah SWT

15. Referensi : menurut KBBI artinya adalah sumber acuan (rujukan,petunjuk)/buku-buku yang dianjurkan oleh dosen kepada mahasiswanya untuk dibaca

Funsinya : Fungsi informasi yaitu memberikan jawaban atas kebutuhan pemakai akan informasi. Agar jawaban dapat diberikan secara tepat, seorang petugas layanan rujukan harus mengetahui latar belakang dan tujuan pemakai

Contohnya : Referensi dari buku : Strunk, W.Jr. & White, E.B. 1979. The Element of Style (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan

16. Bahasa Indonesia : adalah bahasa melayu yang dijadikan sebagai bahasa resmi republic indonesia dan bahasa persatuan bangsa Indonesia

Fungsinya : secara umum adalah sebagai alat komunikasi : lisan maupun tulis.

· Fungsi informasi

· Fungsi ekspresi diri

· Fungsi adaptasi dan integrasi

· Fungsi control sosial

17. Diksi : menurut KBBI artinya adalah pilihan kata yang tepat dan selaras (dalam penggunaanya) untuk mengungkapkan gagasan sehingga diperoleh efek tertentu (seperti yang diharapkan)

Fungsinya :

· membuat pembaa dan pendengar mengerti secara benar dan tidak salah paham terhadap apa yang disampaikan oleh pembicara dan penulis

· untuk mencapai target komunikasi yang efektif

· melambangkan gagasan yang di ekspresikan secara verbal

· membentuk gaya ekspresi gagasan yang tepat

contohnya :bumi akan memanas lebih dari daerah-daerah lain di bumi, akibatnya gunung-gunung es akan mencair

18. Deskripsi : menurut KBBI artinya adalah pemaparan atau penggambaran dengan kata-kata secara jelas dan terperinci, uraian.

Fungsinya : menjelaskan suatu tulisan atau karangan agar di mengeri oleh orang lain

Contohnya :seorang novelis menjelaskan kisah kehidupanya di atas kertas

19. Kalimat : menurut KBBI artinya adalah kesatuan ujar yang mengungkapkan suatu konsep pikiran dan perasaan

Fungsinya :

· Kalimat imperaktif adalah kalimat yang berfungsi untuk meminta atau melarang seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu; contohnya : pahami kesalah anda !

· Kalimat deklaratif adalah kalimat yang berisi pernyataan.

Contohnya : pahami kesalah anda !

20. Paragraf : menurut KBBI artinya adalah bagian bab dalam suatu karangan (biasanya mengandung satu ide pokok dan penulisannya dimulai dengan garis baru) alinea

Fungsinya : untuk memudahkan pengertian si pembaca apa yang di maksud oleh penulis

Contohnya

· Paragraph definisi

· Paragraph pembuka

· Paragraph penghubung

· Paragraph penutup

· Paragraph penyimpulan

· Paragraph dialog dalam narasi

· Paragraph berita

· Paragraph surat

BACA KE HALAMAN SELANJUTNYA: